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Library / Miscellaneous Benefits / The prophethood of women

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Al-Qurtubi said, "The correct opinion is that Maryam was a prophet because Allah the Exalted revealed to her through an angel. However, it was not mentioned that Aasiyah was an angel."  Al-Karmaani said, "The fact that the term "complete" was used with reference to Maryam does not necessitate that she was a prophet. This is because this term is used to mean the completeness of a thing in a certain aspect. With regards to Maryam, the term means that she reached the pinnacle of all the virtues that are attainable by women." He went on to say, "The scholars transmitted a consensus that a woman cannot be a prophet."  However, it was transmitted from al-Ash'ari that some women became prophets, and these are six. They are Hawwaa, Saarah, the mother of Moosa, Haajar, Aasiyah, and Maryam." According to his criteria, if an angel came to a person with a ruling, or information about what will happen in the future, then that person is a prophet. It has been established that angels came to these women, and they informed them about different things from Allah the Exalted. It was also explicitly mentioned in the Qur'an that revelation occurred to some of these women.

In al-Milal wa an-Nihal,  ibn Hazm mentioned that no difference of opinion occurred on this issue except during his time in Cordoba. He mentioned three opinions of the scholars on this issue. The third opinion was those of the scholars who refrained from giving a view on the issue. He stated that the proof of those who rejected the prophethood of women is Allah's statement: "And We sent not before you [as messengers] except men to whom We revealed" [Yusuf: 100]. He said, "There is no proof in this verse because no one has claimed that women were messengers. Rather, the discussion is on prophethood." The most explicit evidence in this regard is what was transmitted in the story of Maryam, and the story of Moosa's mother. That affirms the prophethood of women. This included Moosa's mother's quickly throwing Moosa into the sea inside a basket, as soon as it was revealed to her to do so. He went on to say, "After Allah mentioned Maryam and the prophets who came after her, Allah said, "Those were the ones upon whom Allah bestowed favor from among the prophets" [Maryam: 85]. Thus, Maryam is part of the generality of this verse. And Allah knows best.

The virtues of Aasiyah the wife of Fir'aun include the fact that she chose to be killed over royalty, and punishment in the worldly life over the luxurious life that she used to enjoy. She had foresight when she said, "He is a comfort to the eye" [al-Qasas: 9] with regards to Moosa. Refer to Fath al-Baari by ibn Hajar 6/447-448.

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