Respected Shaykh, it is written in Kashaf al-Qana’, “It is not obligatory to wipe what is covered of the ears (i.e. upper inner wedge of earlobe), because the head, which is the original part to be wiped, does not require wiping the parts that are covered by hair. So it is more so for the ear, and it is the upper inner portion of the earlobe.” Question 1: Does this mean that it is enough for the one making wudhu’ to insert his index fingers into the opening of his ears, and his thumbs behind them to wipe, without taking out his index fingers to wipe the upper inner portions of his earlobes, with an upward motion? Question 2: Is it mandatory to wash the flesh at the opening of the ear as part of washing the face? Question 3: A friend of mine says that the watarah is the partition between the nostrils and its lower part by which the sides are seen by the sides. Someone told him that he has to wash it as part of washing the face because it is the apparent ruling. Is what he says correct? Or is it sufficient to include it in what is required of washing the nose, i.e. istinshaq (sniffing in water and blowing it out)? مسح الأذنين